Exploring slow tourism in rural territories: Insights from the Alentejo Region in Portugal

Authors

  • Marta Amaral Polytechnic Institute of Beja

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15678/

Keywords:

slow movement, slow tourism, sustainability, rural territories, accommodations, Baixo Alentejo

Abstract

Background: Slow tourism appeals to competent, independent travelers seeking meaningful and authentic experiences. This umbrella term encompasses responsible and sustainable tourism practices and holds a significant potential for the development of rural territories. 

Research objectives: The article offers a deep literature review that addresses slow tourism conceptualization and its importance for rural territories. I also aimed to verify whether accommodation business entrepreneurs in Alentejo (Portugal) engage in slow tourism in their website communication strategies. 

Research design and methods: A qualitative methodological approach was adopted based on a literature review. The empirical phase involved a systematic examination of the messages contained in communication slogans and commercial offerings on accommodation websites. 

Results: Although many companies do not explicitly identify as part of the slow tourism movement, their practices align with its principles. The latter promote authentic, relaxed, and immersive experiences linked to nature, local cuisine, culture, and sustainability. 

Conclusions: The results suggest that adopting the principles of slow tourism in rural territories provides visitors with authentic experiences and encourages the sustainable development of the Alentejo region. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

References

ADRAL: Agência do Desenvolvimento Regional do Alentejo. (2025). https://www.adral.pt/setoresestrategicos/

ASTO: Alentejo Sustainable Tourism Observatory. (2025). https://www.asto.pt/en/app/index

Balaban, E., & Keller, K. (2024). A systematic literature review of slow tourism. Hungarian Geographical Bulletin, 73(3), 303–323.

Bijker, R., Merkouris, S. S., Dowling, N. A., & Rodda, S. N. (2024). ChatGPT for automated qualitative research: Content analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26, e59050. https://doi.org/10.2196/59050

Caffyn, A. (2012). Advocating and Implementing Slow Tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 37(1), 77–80.

Calzati, V., & de Salvo, P. (2012). Le strategie per una valorizzazione sostenibile del territorio. Il valore della lentezza, della qualità e dell’identità per il turismo del futuro. Franco Angeli.

Calzati, V. & De Salvo, P. (2018). Slow tourism A theoretical framework, In M. Clancy (Ed.) Slow tourism, Food and Cities. Pace and the search for the “Good Life.” Routledge.

CCDR: Comissão de Coordenação e Desenvolvimento Regional do Alentejo. (2025). Potencialidades estratégicas – um território com reconhecidas potencialidades estratégicas. https://www.ccdr-a.gov.pt/potencialidades-estrategicas

CIMBAL: Comunidade Intermunicipal do Baixo Alentejo. (2025). https://www.cimbal.pt

Conway, D., & Timms, B. (2012). Slow travel and slow tourism misfits, compadres or different genres? Tourism Recreation Research, 37(1), 71–76.

dall’Aglio, S., Nazzaruolo, A., & Zago, M. (2011). Guidelines for the development of the Slow Tourism project: Workshop with the stakeholders and the operators. http://www.slow-tourism.net/contentsite/images/WP_2-3_Slides_English.pdf

Dickinson, J., Lumsdon, L., & Robins, D. (2011). Slow travel: Issues for tourism and climate change. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 19(3), 281–300.

Dickinson, J.& Lumsdon, L. (2010). Slow travel and tourism. Earthscan

Ferreira, P., Seabra, C., & Paiva, O. (2014). Slow cities (Cittaslow): Os espaços urbanos do movimento slow. Revista Turismo & Desenvolvimento, 21/22(5), 191–193.

Fullagar, S., Markwell, K., & Wilson, E. (2012). Slow tourism: Experiences and mobilities. Channel View.

Gardner, N. (2009). A manifesto for slow travel. Hidden Europe Magazine, 25, 10–14.

Guiver, J., & McGrath, P. (2016). Slow tourism: Exploring the discourses. Dos Algarves: A Multidisciplinary e-Journal, 27, 11–34. https://doi.org/10.18089/DAMeJ.2016.27.1

Goyanes, M., Lopezosa, C., & Jordá, B. (2025). Thematic analysis of interview data with ChatGPT: Designing and testing a reliable research protocol for qualitative research. Quality & Quantity, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/8mr2f_v1

Hassan, V., & Fayad, S. A. (2023). Slow tourism as a tool for sustainable tourism development: Guest houses in the Chouf Mount Lebanon. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler ve Eğitim Dergisi – USBED, 5(8), 299–316. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/usbed

Heitmann, S., Robinson, P., & Povey, G. (2011). Slow Food, slow cities and slow tourism. In P. Robinson, S. Heitmann, & P. Dieke (Eds.), Research themes for tourism (pp. 114–127). CABI.

Honoré, C. (2004). In praise of slow: How a worldwide movement is challenging the cult of speed. Orion Books.

INE: Instituto Nacional de Estatística. (2023). Produto interno bruto (B.1*g) a preços correntes (Base 2016 – €) por Localização geográfica (NUTS – 2013); Anual. Retrieved October 6, 2024, from https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_indicadores&indOcorrCod=0009973&contexto=bd&selTab=tab2

Khan, S. (2015). How slow is “slow:” Dilemmas of slow tourism. TEAM Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 11(1), 39–49.

International Labor Organization (2010). World of Work Report 2010 – From one crisis to the next?. International Institute for Labor Studies. Geneva. https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/public/%40dgreports/%4 0dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_145078.pdf

Le Busque, B., Mingoia, J., & Litchfield, C. (2021). Slow tourism on Instagram: An image content and geotag analysis. Tourism Recreation Research, 47(5–6), 623–630. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1927566

Lin, L. P. (Lynn). (2018). How would the contextual features of a destination function together with individual factors to enhance tourists’ intention toward ST in Taiwan? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 26(9), 1625–1646. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1491586

Liu, A. (2006). Tourism in rural areas: Kedah, Malaysia. Tourism Management, 27(5), 878–889.

Lowry, L., & Lee, M. (2011). CittaSlow, slow cities, slow food: Searching for a model for the development of slow tourism. Retrieved on January 20, 2020, from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/view content.cgi?article=1618&context=ttra

Mariano, K. (2022). 7 significant travel trends to expect in 2023. Travel Daily Media. https://www.traveldailymedia.com/7-significant-travel-trends-to-expect-in-2023

Moira, P., Mylonopoulos, D., & Kondoudaki, A. (2017). The application of slow movement to tourism: Is slow tourism a new paradigm? Journal of Tourism and Leisure Studies, 2(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.18848/2470 9336/CGP/v02i02/1-10

Mowforth, M., & Munt, I. (2016). Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world (4th ed.). Routledge.

Mohamad Noor, F. A., Nair, V., & Mura, P. (2011). Conceptualizing a framework for slow tourism in a rural destination in Malaysia. Advanced Science Letters, 4, 400–407. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.6046

Mohamad Noor, F. A., Nair, V., & Mura, P. (2015). Towards the conceptualization of a slow tourism theory for a rural destination. Hospitality and Tourism, 2015, 175–179.

OECD: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2024). Rethinking regional attractiveness in the Alentejo region of Portugal. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/6e171d0d-en

Oh, H., Assaf, G., & Baloglu, S. (2016). Motivations and goals of slow tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 55(2), 205–219.

Österlund, S. (2020). Can we slow down? Challenges and possibilities of living slower and simpler in Sweden [Master’s thesis, Örebro University School of Humanities]. https://oru.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1466990/FULLTEXT02.pdf

Pecheniuk, A., & Kiziun, A. (2023). Postmodern transformations of tourism. In H. Arjjumend (Ed.), Mountain ecosystems and resources management, Vol. 1 (pp. 417–430). The Grassroots Institute. https://doi.org/10.33002/mount.a/23

PORDATA (2023). Dados do turismo por municípios, https://retratos.pordata.pt/populacao/beja

Preston, M., & Pasanen, K. (2024). Slow tourism and its good practices: European state of play. SLOWDOWN project (02C0497). University of Eastern Finland, Interreg Europe. Retrieved November, 24, 2025, from https://www.interregeurope.eu/sites/default/files/2025-03/Slow%20Tourism%20-%20State%20of%20the%20Art%20in%20Europe%20report.pdf

Publituris. (2024, July 18). Praias do Alentejo consideradas as melhores da Europa. https://www.publituris.pt/2014/07/18/praias-do-alentejo-consideradas-as-melhores-da-europa

Pécsek, B. (2014). Gyorsuló idő, lassuló turizmus: a lassú turizmus modellezése. Turizmus Bulletin, 16(1), 3–10.

Pécsek, B. (2018)). Slow tourism as the sustainable alternative for developing urban tourism destinations. [Doctoral dissertation. Szent István University], Gödöllő, Hungria. https://real-phd.mtak.hu/1581/3/pecsek_brigitta_thesis.pdf

RNT: Registo Nacional de Turismo. (2025). https://rnt.turismodeportugal.pt/RNT

Rotas de Portugal. (2013). https://rotasdeportugal.pt

Salvo, Paola & Calzati, Viviana & Soglia, Stefano. (2019). Value for Time: Slowness, a Positive Way of Performing. In A. Campón-Cerro, J. Hernandéz-Mogollón, & J. Folgado-Fernandéz (Eds.), Tourism: Best Practices in Hospitality and Tourism Marketing and Management – A quality of life perspective (pp. 315–336). Springer.

Santos, A. M., Edwards, J., & Laranja, M. (2020). Challenges, opportunities and needs for a sustainable bioeconomy in the Alentejo region. JRC Policy Insights No. JRC122316. European Commission. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC122316

Sari, A., & Lukito, Y. (2017). Slow living as an alternative response to modern life. UI Proceedings, 1. Retrieved November, 24, 2025, from https://www.academia.edu/85477383/Slow_living_as_an_Alternative_Response_to_Modern_Life

Serdane, Z. (2017). Slow tourism in slow countries: The case of Latvia [Doctoral dissertation, Salford Business School, Salford University]. https://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/43513/7/Zanda_Serdane_SLOW_TOURISM_IN_SLOW_COUNTRIES.pdf

Serdane, Z., Maccarrone-Eaglen, A., & Sharifi, S. (2020). Conceptualising slow tourism: A perspective from Latvia. Tourism Recreation Research, 45(3), 337–350. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2020.1726614

Sousa, B., Santos, R., & Lubowiecki-Vikuk, A. (2021). Slow tourism as a tourism alternative to sustainable development. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, (Volume XII, Fall), 5(53), 1403–1408. https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v12.5(53).24

Agência Lusa. (2025, February 19). O Alentejo teve o melhor ano turístico de sempre. Sul Informação. https://www.sulinformacao.pt/2025/02/alentejo-teve-o-melhor-ano-turistico-de-sempre-em-2024

Surla, T., Pivac, T., Lunić, D., & Miljković, J. (2024). The future development of rural areas through the application of slow tourism: A case study of Western Serbia. In SITCON 2023: Managing the future by learning from the past – contemporary trends in tourism & hospitality (Orgs.). Conference Paper (pp. 118–125). https://doi.org/10.15308/Sitcon-2023-118-125

Turismo do Alentejo. (2021). Slow travel no Alentejo. https://turismodoalentejo.com.br/blog/2021/08/11/slow-travel-no-alentejo

Turismo do Alentejo e Ribatejo. (2019). https://www.visitalentejo.pt/pt/o-alentejo

Valls, J.-F., Mota, L., Vieira, S. C. F., & Santos, R. (2019). Opportunities for slow tourism in Madeira. Sustainability, 11(17), 4534. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174534

Walker, T. (2021). Sustainable development for small island tourism: Developing slow tourism in the Caribbean. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 38(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2020.1842289

Walker, T., & Lee, J. (2021). Contributions to sustainable tourism in small islands: An analysis of the Cittàslow movement. Tourism Geographies, 23(3), 415–435. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2019.1654539

Wen, Z., Xie, Y., Chen, M., & Dinga, C. D. (2021). China’s plastic import ban increases prospects of environmental impact mitigation of plastic waste trade flow worldwide. Nature Communications, 12, 425. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20741-9

Zago, M. (2012). Definire e operativizzare lo slow tourism: il modello Castle. In V. Calzati & P. de Salvo (Eds.), Le strategie per una valorizzazione sostenibile del territorio, 155–170. Franco Angeli.

Zago, M. (2018). Between slow tourists and operators: Expectations and implications of a strategic cross-border proposal. In M. Clancy (Ed.), Slow tourism, food and cities: Place and the search for the “good life” (pp. 103–115). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315686714-9

Zielińska-Szczepkowska, J (2020). Slow tourism – the fashion for slowness or a conscious choice? Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, 20(2), 468–483. https://doi.org/10.2478/foli-2020-0060

Downloads

Published

2025-12-31

How to Cite

AMARAL, M. (2025). Exploring slow tourism in rural territories: Insights from the Alentejo Region in Portugal. Social Entrepreneurship Review, 2, 70–90. https://doi.org/10.15678/

Similar Articles

1-10 of 16

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.