Social Entrepreneurship Review
type: channel
description: Social Entrepreneurship Review (SER) (ISSN 2720-7277) is a peer-reviewed multi-disciplinary journal dedicated to serve as platform for academic debate on all issues relevant to social entrepreneurship including theoretical perspectives, cutting-edge research, and actionable solutions to identified problems of particular interest to policy makers, social entrepreneurs, managers, academics and researchers. Social Entrepreneurship Review publishes research results on social entrepreneurship from a range of scholarly perspectives based on different methodological settings: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. The paper’s special interest is in theory-inflected work and broader empirical studies with particular emphasis on Central and Eastern Europe and emerging or transitioning countries. Theoretical and review papers are also welcome as they provide new insights or valuable comments advancing our knowledge about social entrepreneurship. SER was previously published as Ekonomia Społeczna/Social Economy (ISSN: 2081-321X – print version; eISSN: 1898-7435 – online version) by the Małopolska School of Public Administration at the Krakow University of Economics. The journal has been published since 2007. From 2007 to 2008 it appeared quarterly, and since 2010 it has been issued semi-annually. Since 2021, the journal has continued under the title Social Entrepreneurship Review. ISSN: 2720-7277 – online version; DOI: 10.15678/SER. Publishing policy: Open Access, licence: cc-by 4.0. The journal is published on an open-access basis, allowing its resources to be used freely while respecting the authors' copyrights. Readers are obliged to follow the general rules of source referencing and citation, as they would with printed publications. The articles are published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. By the end of 2022, SER was published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC…
publisher: Krakow University of Economics
language: en
publication name: Social Entrepreneurship Review
issn: 2720-7277
items: Investment attractiveness of impact-focused startups
items: Land tenure and population exchange: Intermarginal disintegration in the Ormánság. Social Entrepreneurship Review
items: Institutional and territorial drivers of rural social enterprise ecosystems: Evidence from Finland
items: Event impact assessment and community-based tourism: The case of a Portuguese Music Festival MEOSudoeste
items: Community-driven food networks as vehicles of rural social innovation
items: Home or abroad? Following tourism choices in Hungary
items: Exploring slow tourism in rural territories: Insights from the Alentejo Region in Portugal
items: The contribution of agritourism to social innovation and sustainable development in the rural areas of the Portuguese Beja region
items: Income as a selected indicator of the social economy in human life
items: Country Housewives’ Associations as social economy entities and their areas of activity in Poland
items: Just energy transition and business models: Seeking a strategic management tool for energy communities
items: Exploring social entrepreneurship dynamics in sustainable tourism: A case study of Morocco’s Al Haouz Province
items: Social entrepreneurship development in collective-based initiatives: A qualitative study of African Burial Societies
items: Entrepreneurial learning process after a business failure
items: Sustainable entrepreneurship in Morocco: Driving competitiveness through CSR and circular economy
items: Promoting gender equality through leveraging the Women, Business, and the Law index: A comparative analysis of high- and low-income countries
items: Causes and effects of social exclusion in light of opinions of cooperative bank customers: The case of the Mazowieckie Province
items: Empowering change: Unleashing the potential of social enterprises through contextually relevant support mechanisms in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
items: NEET youth as an actor in the social economy: A legal perspective
items: American higher education at the crossroads: Between liberal arts and entrepreneurial education
items: Education and cooperation for the development of thesocial economy. Initiatives undertaken at the University of the National Education Commission in Krakow
items: Self-assessment of entrepreneurial potential and actual intentions to start a business Depending on the chosen field and language of study
items: The practice of social responsibility at Polish universities: a study of current trends
items: Exploring the mindset of social entrepreneurs towards failure: Evidence from focus group interviews
items: Care farm as a chance for social services for the silver generation
items: Digitization of social welfare entities and its importance for the effective implementation of social services in the public management system
items: Social protection in Poland compared to selected member states of the European Union
items: Measuring Social Economy in Public Statistics: Introduction to the Polish Experience
items: https://ser.uek.krakow.pl/index.php/ser/article/view/121
items: Investigating the Phenomenon of Social Entrepreneurship

Investment attractiveness of impact-focused startups
type: item
description: Background: Impact-focused businesses can offer unique competitive advantages. They increase operational efficiency and attract more investors. Research objectives: This study aims to estimate investment attractiveness of startups, using the SWOT methodology. Research design and methods: The study draws on case studies and SWOT analysis. The qualitative approach relies on WIPO reports and impact-focused startup databases. Fifteen case studies cover different industries and a wide range of economies. Results: The findings revealed that the framework of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for impact-focused startups depends on their operational pathways. Conclusions: The customer pathway’s strengths include the ability to address market needs directly and generate significant social impact. The employee pathway is strong thanks to improved workforce quality, diversity, and inclusion. The product/service pathway represents eco-friendly and socially responsible products with measurable impacts. The ecosystem pathway tackles global issues.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: investment attractiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: social and environmental impact
  topic: keywords
subject: venture capital
  topic: keywords
subject: startup ecosystem
  topic: keywords
creator: Iuliia Gernego
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-24
publication date: 2025-06-24
starting page: 31
ending page: 45
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.1.03

Land tenure and population exchange: Intermarginal disintegration in the Ormánság. Social Entrepreneurship Review
type: item
description: Background: The study explores the demographic and social challenges in peripheral rural regions shaped by a self-restrictive “one-child strategy” among the Reformed majority and the long-standing exclusion of Roma communities, leading to cumulative marginalization. Research objectives: The main objective of this study is to introduce the concept of intermarginal disintegration to elucidate how overlapping forms of social, ethnic, and demographic marginality exacerbate crises in peripheral regions. Research design and methods: The research is grounded in a qualitative approach combining content analysis of secondary sources, historical documents, and selected demographic indicators. The Socio-Ethnic Exclusion Index (SEK-index) was developed as a composite measure to integrate five dimensions of socio-ethnic exclusion. Results: The findings indicate that classical core-periphery models are insufficient to capture the complex and interrelated marginalization processes affecting the region. Conclusions: The proposed framework provides novel insights into the process of rural social restructuring. It offers analytical support for the development of more effective social and regional policies that are aimed at promoting long-term recovery in peripheral regions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: intermarginal disintegration
  topic: keywords
subject: rural marginality
  topic: keywords
subject: Roma communities
  topic: keywords
subject: one-child strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: composite SEK-index
  topic: keywords
creator: Attila Palancsa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 152
ending page: 173
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.2.10

Institutional and territorial drivers of rural social enterprise ecosystems: Evidence from Finland
type: item
description: Background: This article investigates the interplay between institutional frameworks and territorial conditions in shaping the development of rural social enterprise (RSE) ecosystems in Finland. Research objectives: Drawing on comparative case analysis across three regions—Lapland, Satakunta, and Kainuu—the study identifies key configurations of governance structures, socio-economic conditions, and infrastructural dynamics that enable or constrain the emergence and sustainability of RSEs. Research design and methods: Through document analysis, expert interviews, and regional data, the research introduces the concept of "institutional–territorial fit" to explain the varied trajectories of ecosystem formation. Results: The findings show that successful RSE ecosystems are contingent on multi-level institutional coordination, place-based adaptability, and civic engagement. Conclusions: The article concludes with strategic recommendations for fostering resilient, inclusive, and territorially embedded social enterprise ecosystems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: rural social enterprise
  topic: keywords
subject: institutional support
  topic: keywords
subject: ecosystem development
  topic: keywords
subject: regional policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Finland
  topic: keywords
creator: Harri Kostilainen
creator: Jari Karjalainen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 137
ending page: 151
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.2.09

Event impact assessment and community-based tourism: The case of a Portuguese Music Festival MEOSudoeste
type: item
description: Background: As integral components of the event industry, music festivals significantly impact local communities and encompass social, cultural, economic, political, physical, and environmental dimensions. We may perceive this impact as either positive or negative. As event tourism continues to grow in importance, there is an increasing need for evaluation methodologies that promote sustainable development through more participatory approaches. Research objectives: This article examines how impact assessment methodologies, grounded in action research, can enhance community engagement and support the principles of Community-Based Tourism (CBT). Research design and methods: Drawing on evidence from research conducted on the MEO Sudoeste music festival in Odemira, Alentejo/Portugal, the study explored the potential of this notable event to foster community involvement, despite its limited adoption of the CBT paradigm. Results: The findings emphasize the importance of collaborative evaluation processes in balancing benefits and costs and supporting informed decision-making for large-scale tourism events. Conclusions: Collaborative evaluation contributes to improving the long-term sustainability of large-scale tourism events.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: events tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: community-based tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: action research
  topic: keywords
subject: MEO Sudoeste
  topic: keywords
creator: Sandra Saúde
creator: Sandra Lopes
creator: Marta Amaral
creator: Ana Isabel Rodrigues
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 119
ending page: 136
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.2.08

Community-driven food networks as vehicles of rural social innovation
type: item
description: Background: Rural communities in Cape Breton, Canada, face persistent challenges such as food insecurity, social isolation, and economic marginalization. Community-led food networks rooted in social economy values have emerged as innovative responses that provide dignified, culturally relevant access to food. This article’s novelty lies in its comparative, community-engaged analysis of an Indigenous and a non-Indigenous rural model, treating food networks as infrastructures of rural social innovation rather than charity. Research objectives: This study explored how community-driven food networks contribute to rural development and social innovation by fostering inclusion, empowerment, and resilience. Research design and methods: Using a qualitative case study approach, the research examined two food networks in rural Cape Breton through document analysis, community feedback, observation, and interviews with key stakeholders. Results: The findings reveal that integrated programming, i.e., combining food access, wellness, and employment initiatives, enhances social cohesion, local capacity, and community dignity. Conclusions: Community food networks exemplify how social economy initiatives can transform rural spaces into hubs of innovation and care.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social economy
  topic: keywords
subject: rural development
  topic: keywords
subject: food security
  topic: keywords
subject: community empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Cape Breton – Canada
  topic: keywords
creator: Maya Giorbelidze
creator: Lydia Rita Barikdar
creator: Huixin Shen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 104
ending page: 118
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.2.07

Home or abroad? Following tourism choices in Hungary
type: item
description: Background: Continuing a research series started in 2020, the study analyzed the social and economic factors shaping tourism preferences, the application of motivation, and capital theories, with attention to the impact of COVID-19 and rising safety concerns. Research objectives: The aim was to identify and analyze the structural differences in travel behaviors and active tourism preferences between Hungarian tourists who primarily choose domestic destinations and those who prefer international travel. Research design and methods: The study involved an analysis of data from 533 respondents collected in 2024 via an online questionnaire by means of statistical tests investigating travel motivations, accommodation, activities, and demographics. Results: The findings reveal that domestic travelers typically opt for short, low-cost trips with partial board, prioritizing safety, simplicity, and familiarity. In contrast, international travelers favor longer stays, higher service standards, and full board, indicating higher discretionary income and a desire for status expression. Conclusions: The study underscores that travel preferences are not merely economic choices but are deeply embedded in social structures, cultural capital, and identity formation processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: travel decision-making
  topic: keywords
subject: domestic vs. international tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: push–pull model
  topic: keywords
subject: social capital
  topic: keywords
subject: lifestyle and tourism
  topic: keywords
creator: Monika Hoschek
creator: Nikoletta Németh
creator: Katalin Mészáros
creator: Attila Palancsa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 91
ending page: 103
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.2.06

Exploring slow tourism in rural territories: Insights from the Alentejo Region in Portugal
type: item
description: Background: Slow tourism appeals to competent, independent travelers seeking meaningful and authentic experiences. This umbrella term encompasses responsible and sustainable tourism practices and holds a significant potential for the development of rural territories. Research objectives: The article offers a deep literature review that addresses slow tourism conceptualization and its importance for rural territories. I also aimed to verify whether accommodation business entrepreneurs in Alentejo (Portugal) engage in slow tourism in their website communication strategies. Research design and methods: A qualitative methodological approach was adopted based on a literature review. The empirical phase involved a systematic examination of the messages contained in communication slogans and commercial offerings on accommodation websites. Results: Although many companies do not explicitly identify as part of the slow tourism movement, their practices align with its principles. The latter promote authentic, relaxed, and immersive experiences linked to nature, local cuisine, culture, and sustainability. Conclusions: The results suggest that adopting the principles of slow tourism in rural territories provides visitors with authentic experiences and encourages the sustainable development of the Alentejo region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: slow movement
  topic: keywords
subject: slow tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: rural territories
  topic: keywords
subject: accommodations
  topic: keywords
subject: Baixo Alentejo
  topic: keywords
creator: MARTA AMARAL
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 70
ending page: 90
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.2.05

The contribution of agritourism to social innovation and sustainable development in the rural areas of the Portuguese Beja region
type: item
description: Background: Nowadays, agritourism constitutes an alternative activity to traditional agriculture, fostering socioeconomic dynamics and promoting social innovation in rural territories. Research objectives: This study aimed to analyze the contribution of agritourism to social innovation and sustainable development in rural areas of the Beja region (Portugal). Research design and methods: Methodology followed a qualitative case study approach, involving eight microenterprises. The study involved the analysis of data collected through semi-structured interviews with the companies’ managers to validate a theoretical model based on two key propositions. These premises assume that agritourism businesses contribute to social innovation and the region’s sustainable development. Results: The results show a consensus on the environmental, economic, and social contributions of agritourism, while perceptions regarding social innovation revealed some variability. Nevertheless, the analysis validated the defined propositions. Conclusions: Findings suggest an overall positive effect of agritourism on the region, supporting its relevance as a driver of sustainable development and social innovation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agritourism, Social innovation, Sustainable development, Beja region
  topic: keywords
creator: Sandra Bailoa
creator: Jorge Pires
creator: Maria Isabel Valente
creator: Joaquim Gomes
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-17
publication date: 2025-12-17
starting page: 53
ending page: 69
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.2.04

Income as a selected indicator of the social economy in human life
type: item
description: Background: Income constitutes a very important indicator in the social economy. The level and sources of income determine the level and quality of life of rural inhabitants. Research objectives: The research aimed to examine the impact of Poland’s accession to the European Union on changes in the income levels of households across basic socio-economic groups, as well as rural and urban residents, during the period 2004–2023. Research design and methods: An examination was conducted of the results of the household budgets conducted on an annual basis by the Statistics Poland (GUS) between 2004 and 2023. The determination of changes and income relationships was achieved by employing the index of variation, the coefficient of variation (Vi), and Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: There was a decrease in income disparities between farming families and non-farming families, which indicates a process of income convergence. A negative annual dynamic of changes in income was observed only in the case of farmers’ income. Farmers’ incomes also displayed the highest variability among the studied groups. Conclusions: Poland’s integration with the European Union (2004–2023) was a period in which factors favorable to the growth of agricultural incomes prevailed. Despite this improvement, families associated with agriculture displayed lower income levels, worse living conditions, and a higher risk of poverty and social exclusion compared to other socio-economic groups.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: income inequalities
  topic: keywords
subject: farmers’ households
  topic: keywords
subject: EU integration
  topic: keywords
subject: social economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Poland
  topic: keywords
creator: Barbara Chmielewska
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-17
publication date: 2025-12-17
starting page: 25
ending page: 39
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.2.02

Country Housewives’ Associations as social economy entities and their areas of activity in Poland
type: item
description: Background: The aim of the article is to present the areas of activity of Country Housewives’ Associations in Poland and their role in local communities. The author will discuss this matter in the context of the Act of November 9, 2018 on Country Housewives' Associations. Research design and methods: The paper conducts a conceptual and theoretical analysis of the basic assumptions of social economy and entrepreneurship and of Country Housewives’ Associations as social economy entities, and reviewed the literature in this area. The study also involved the conduction of original survey research. Results: The research results indicate that Country Housewives’ Associations are active in various areas, including social, integration, and educational. In the course of their activities, they face many barriers. Members’ awareness of the social economy is at a low level. Conclusions: The activity of Country Housewives’ Associations as social economy entities in Poland plays an important role in local communities. The scope of the article encompasses only a fragment of the reflections, and scholars may supplement it with new data over time.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: economy
  topic: keywords
subject: social
  topic: keywords
subject: Country Housewives' Associations
  topic: keywords
subject: Poland
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
creator: Anna Calik-Kaczor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-17
publication date: 2025-12-17
starting page: 40
ending page: 52
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.2.03

Just energy transition and business models: Seeking a strategic management tool for energy communities
type: item
description: Background: Energy communities (ECs) are emerging as key actors in the shift toward a low-carbon and inclusive energy system aligned with the principles of just energy transition (JET). However, conventional business model tools often fail to reflect ECs’ social missions, democratic governance, and environmental goals. Research objectives: This study aims to evaluate the suitability of existing business model frameworks for analyzing ECs and to identify the components necessary for models aligned with JET. Research design and methods: I conducted a qualitative literature review, examining sources to compare conventional and alternative business model frameworks based on criteria derived from JET principles. Results: The analysis found that classical frameworks, such as the business model canvas (BMC), are insufficient for ECs, while alternatives like the triple layered business model canvas (TLBMC), social enterprise model canvas (SEMC), and value mapping tool (VMT) better address ECs’ hybrid organizational logic. Conclusions: Business model innovation must integrate social, environmental, and participatory dimensions to support ECs in advancing a JET.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: energy community
  topic: keywords
subject: just energy transition
  topic: keywords
subject: business model
  topic: keywords
subject: cooperative governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Szymon Caban
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-16
publication date: 2025-12-16
starting page: 9
ending page: 24
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.2.01

Exploring social entrepreneurship dynamics in sustainable tourism: A case study of Morocco’s Al Haouz Province
type: item
description: Background: Many now recognize social entrepreneurship as an effective strategy to address social and environmental challenges while promoting economic development. Research objectives: This study aims to examine the objectives, strategies, and outcomes of social entrepreneurs operating in the tourism sector in Al Haouz Province, Morocco. Research design and methods: The research employed a qualitative approach to explore various social enterprises engaged in sustainable tourism, including community-based tourism initiatives, eco-lodges, and fair-trade handicraft cooperatives. Results: Findings indicate that social entrepreneurs implement diverse strategies to enhance social inclusion and sustainability in tourism. Key approaches include community involvement, capacity building, cultural preservation, and ethical tourism practices. The study also identifies critical factors that influence the success of social entrepreneurship in sustainable tourism. Conclusions: The research highlights the importance of fostering an enabling environment for social entrepreneurship in tourism. Policy recommendations focus on the development of financial mechanisms, capacity-building programs, and regulatory frameworks to support social enterprises in this sector.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: community development
  topic: keywords
creator: Oualid Benalla
creator: Marwane El Halaissi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 129
ending page: 140
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.1.09

Social entrepreneurship development in collective-based initiatives: A qualitative study of African Burial Societies
type: item
description: Background: The Global North determines the agenda for most discussions between scholars and policymakers. Research objectives: The article investigates how studies featuring the African context can enhance social entrepreneurship theories. Research design and methods: Current theorization lacks clarity on initiatives that use for-profit ventures to create value only for their members and those that create value for the broader society. Although many scholars portray both of these initiatives as characteristic of social entrepreneurship, this article challenges that view through the venture matrix it develops. The study applies the matrix to a homogeneous case of 145 African burial societies. Results: The results of the study support the matrix. Using extant literature on social capital in collective-based initiatives (CBIs) and findings from a qualitative study of 13 burial societies that operate for-profit ventures, the article presents a model of social entrepreneurship development in CBIs and discusses its practical implications. Conclusions: Burial societies in Africa are changing, embracing social entrepreneurship and providing researchers with new lenses for their understanding.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: collective-based initiatives
  topic: keywords
subject: African burial societies
  topic: keywords
subject: ventures
  topic: keywords
creator: Gift Dafuleya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 106
ending page: 128
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.1.08

Entrepreneurial learning process after a business failure
type: item
description: Background: Entrepreneurial research often overlooks failure as a catalyst for learning. Understanding how entrepreneurs recover from failure and apply their experiences to new ventures proves crucial for developing resilience. Research objectives: This study examines how micro-entrepreneurs who faced total business failure acquire new knowledge and adapt through entrepreneurial learning. Research design and methods: We conducted a qualitative exploratory study with five entrepreneurs who restarted businesses after bankruptcy. We collected data via semi-structured interviews and analyzed them using narrative-based content analysis. Results: Despite significant financial and emotional costs, entrepreneurs actively engaged in meaning-making and knowledge acquisition. Emotional processing and resilience-building enhanced their ability to adapt and overcome challenges. Conclusions: Entrepreneurial learning plays a key role in business recovery. The findings emphasize the importance of meaning creation, knowledge development, and emotional adaptation in navigating failure and fostering long-term entrepreneurial success.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: learning dimension
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurial learning
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurial failure
  topic: keywords
subject: emotions
  topic: keywords
subject: micro-enterprise
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatima Ezzahra Zaid
creator: Noufel Ghiffi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 93
ending page: 105
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.1.07

Sustainable entrepreneurship in Morocco: Driving competitiveness through CSR and circular economy
type: item
description: Background: The circular economy and corporate social responsibility (CSR) have increasingly gained importance as strategic approaches for fostering sustainable entrepreneurship and enhancing corporate competitiveness. Research objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of circular economy principles and CSR practices on the competitiveness of certified companies in Morocco. It explores how businesses integrate sustainability-driven strategies to improve performance. Research design and methods: The research followed a quantitative approach, using a structured questionnaire distributed among 77 managers from certified companies in Morocco. Data analysis involved SPSS and structural equation modelling (SmartPLS) to examine relationships between circular economy strategies, CSR practices, and corporate competitiveness. Results: The findings show a positive correlation between circular economy strategies, CSR implementation, and corporate competitiveness. Key factors influencing this relationship include waste reduction, resource optimization, eco-friendly production, and stakeholder engagement. Conclusions: The research underscores the necessity of fostering an enabling environment for sustainable entrepreneurship through regulatory frameworks and financial incentives.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: corporate social responsibility
  topic: keywords
subject: CSR
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: linear economy
  topic: keywords
subject: circular economy
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable development
  topic: keywords
subject: green economy
  topic: keywords
creator: Anass Mellouki
creator: Yassine Belyagou
creator: Houssine Soussi
creator: Sami El Abdioui
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-27
publication date: 2024-06-27
starting page: 46
ending page: 59
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.1.04

Promoting gender equality through leveraging the Women, Business, and the Law index: A comparative analysis of high- and low-income countries
type: item
description: Background: Gender equality and the empowerment of women are imperative for inclusive and sustainable development. Despite the fact that the Women, Business, and the Law (WBL) Index provides a comprehensive framework for evaluating legal progress towards gender equality, there is a paucity of research on how key influencing factors vary across economic contexts. Research objectives: The present study aims to examine the influence of asset accessibility, workplace conditions, mobility rights, pay equality, entrepreneurial opportunities, and safety on WBL index scores in high- and low-income countries. The present analysis aims to address the research gap concerning the differential impact of these variables in diverse economic environments. Research design and methods: Multiple linear regression analysis was employed using data from countries classified by income level. The WBL index functioned as the dependent variable, with the influence of six predictor variables on gender equality outcomes being assessed. Results: The findings suggest that pay equality and mobility rights have a greater impact in low-income countries, while safety, workplace conditions, and entrepreneurial opportunities play a more significant role in high-income countries. These results emphasize the necessity of adapting gender equality policies to particular economic contexts. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of context-specific approaches to the promotion of gender equality. In low-income countries, efforts should be concentrated on the improvement of legal rights related to remuneration and mobility. In high-income countries, efforts should be concentrated on enhancing workplace conditions, improving safety, and fostering women's entrepreneurship. The study also identifies common areas for improvement across both contexts to support global gender equality initiatives.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: gender equality
  topic: keywords
subject: Women, Business and the Law index
  topic: keywords
subject: comparative analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: economic participation
  topic: keywords
creator: Youssef Rehali
creator: Fatima Touhami
creator: Mohamed Elmoukhtar
creator: Salma Bakkali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 75
ending page: 92
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.1.06

Causes and effects of social exclusion in light of opinions of cooperative bank customers: The case of the Mazowieckie Province
type: item
description: Background: A novelty of the research lies in the research sample of Cooperative Bank customers on which we conducted the study. Research objectives: The article primarily aims to analyze the causes and effects of social exclusion opinions of cooperative bank customers from the highly diverse Mazowieckie province. A specific goal involves indicating the relationship between selected causes and effects of social exclusion and a chosen socio-demographic characteristic, namely, the municipality. Research design and methods: Using an interview questionnaire, we conducted the survey in September 2023 on a population of N=185 cooperative bank customers, with gender and age of the Mazowiecki province inhabitants as criteria for selection. We employed the quantitative survey according to a mixed-mode design procedure. The study followed ethical guidelines, and all participants gave informed consent. Results: Findings show that poverty, unemployment, and disability contribute to social exclusion. In turn, according to respondents, social exclusion results in pathological social phenomena that limit development and opportunities to function in society. Conclusions: The study presented the relationship between two causes of social exclusion – income level and place of residence – and the socio-demographic characteristic (municipality). Moreover, it analyzed the relationship between the limitation of development and the ability to function in society as a consequence of social exclusion and the socio-demographic characteristic (municipality). The analysis revealed statistically significant relationships between variables. We discussed the causes and effects of social exclusion indicated by respondents. We also applied descriptive statistics.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social exclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: cooperative bank customers
  topic: keywords
subject: causes and effects of exclusion in the Mazowieckie province
  topic: keywords
creator: Mariola Szewczyk-Jarocka
creator: Beata Sadowska
creator: Jan-Urban Sandal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-25
publication date: 2025-06-25
starting page: 17
ending page: 30
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.1.02

Empowering change: Unleashing the potential of social enterprises through contextually relevant support mechanisms in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
type: item
description: Background: Innovative solutions are imperative in the face of escalating socio-economic and environmental challenges worldwide. Social entrepreneurship has served as a widely recognized, viable approach to these challenges. However, such initiatives often struggle due to insufficient support. Research objectives: This study investigates contextually relevant support mechanisms that could optimize the impact of social enterprises in addressing socio-economic and environmental issues within Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Research design and methods: Through focus group discussions with both practicing and aspiring social entrepreneurs, the study identifies 13 interconnected mechanisms that could bolster the growth and sustainability of social enterprises in the region. Results: The findings suggest that policy interventions should center on strengthening these support mechanisms, which may include financial incentives, capacity-building programs, regulatory reforms, and fostering collaborative networks among stakeholders. Conclusions: This study adds to the existing body of knowledge on social entrepreneurship by providing empirical evidence on the role of support mechanisms in enhancing the effectiveness of social enterprises. The results presented in the article draw from the lived experiences of social entrepreneurs within a resource-constrained and developmentally significant setting of the province. Thus, this article offers practical insights for policymakers and practitioners in the field, bridging the gap between theory and practice in social entrepreneurship.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social enterprises
  topic: keywords
subject: innovative support mechanisms
  topic: keywords
subject: South Africa
  topic: keywords
creator: Mazanai Musara
creator: Lebohang Neo
creator: Ferdinand Niyimbanira
creator: Andrew Maredza
creator: Wisemen Chingombe
creator: Thanyani Madzivhandila
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-27
publication date: 2025-06-27
starting page: 60
ending page: 74
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.1.05

NEET youth as an actor in the social economy: A legal perspective
type: item
description: Background: The legal framework does not extensively discuss the topic of NEET young people, and works dedicated to this issue in the context of the social economy remain rare. This may come as a surprise, given the assumption that the social economy specifically tackles exclusion in the labor market. Research objectives: Therefore, the text primarily aimed to establish whether the legal regulations on the social economy currently in force in Poland address this heterogeneous NEET phenomenon and, if so, to what extent. Research design and methods: The research primarily encompassed statutory material specific to the social economy in Poland. The authors used the dogmatic method. Results: The research determined that the law provides a basis for social economy entities to impact NEET youth, albeit to varying degrees, due to their diverse nature. Conclusions: The NEET group itself is also diverse, and the volitional sphere influences how one understands the law’s impact on NEETs. Although the research question received a clear answer, the analysis of regulations revealed a critical issue in legal studies: the absence of a legal definition of NEET youth.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: NEET
  topic: keywords
subject: social economy
  topic: keywords
subject: unemployment
  topic: keywords
subject: administration law
  topic: keywords
creator: Radosław Mędrzycki
creator: Sebastian Sikorski
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-06-17
publication date: 2025-06-17
starting page: 5
ending page: 16
doi: 10.15678/SER.2025.1.01

American higher education at the crossroads: Between liberal arts and entrepreneurial education
type: item
description: Background: American higher education faces declining public trust, rising costs, and growing skepticism about its relevance to the job market. As artificial intelligence and globalization reshape societal and economic landscapes, universities must prepare students for complex, real-world challenges. Research objectives: Text This study investigates the role of entrepreneurial experiential learning in addressing these challenges by fostering critical skills, enhancing engagement, and cultivating entrepreneurial mindsets. Research design and methods: Using a practitioner self-study approach, the research analyzes two case studies—Education Entrepreneurship and Education Consulting courses at a large private university. Data sources include instructor observations, student feedback surveys, and reflective memos analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: The findings demonstrate that entrepreneurial experiential learning enhances students’ problem-solving, collaboration, and social impact assessment skills while preparing them for leadership in the social economy. Conclusions: Entrepreneurial experiential learning bridges theory and practice, equipping students with essential skills for navigating societal challenges and driving reform in higher education. By addressing the skills gap and prioritizing human-centered problem-solving, this model contributes to the ongoing evolution of universities as catalysts for social impact.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: entrepreneurship education
  topic: keywords
subject: experiential learning
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education reform
  topic: keywords
subject: social economy
  topic: keywords
subject: career readiness
  topic: keywords
subject: project-based learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Thomas Gold
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 107
ending page: 124
doi: 10.15678/SER.2024.2.07

Education and cooperation for the development of thesocial economy. Initiatives undertaken at the University of the National Education Commission in Krakow
type: item
description: This article highlights the initiatives in social economy and social entrepreneurship undertaken by the University of the National Education Commission in Krakow. It explores activities related to education for the social economy, educational and research projects in this field, and the development of collaborations with the socio-economic environment, including partnerships with social economy entities.
subject: Varia
  topic: section
subject: social economy
  topic: keywords
subject: social entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
creator: Janina Pach
creator: Dorota Murzyn
creator: Renata Śliwa
creator: Marta Czyżewska
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 125
ending page: 132
doi: 10.15678/SER.2024.2.001

Self-assessment of entrepreneurial potential and actual intentions to start a business Depending on the chosen field and language of study
type: item
description: Background: : This article aligns with contemporary approaches to defining entrepreneurship by examining not only its core essence but also the entrepreneurial potential, personality traits, and behavioral dynamics necessary to identify an individual as entrepreneurial. Research objectives: By examining the entrepreneurial landscape among students at the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow (UITM), the article explores the connections between academic specialization, field of study, and entrepreneurial aspirations, focusing on both the potential and intention to initiate business ventures. Based on data from a survey of 1,526 students, representing 29.8% of UITM's total student population, the study offers a representative and comparable research sample encompassing various educational paths in both Polish and English programs. Results: The research findings reveal how students' entrepreneurial potential is distributed across various academic disciplines, emphasizing the correlations between their chosen field of study and entrepreneurial potential. Additionally, the article examines the relationships between the urge to start a business and factors such as employment status, language of study, and field of study. It also summarizes the impact of academic programs in specific specializations, as well as support mechanisms, on entrepreneurship development. Conclusions: The study validates two research hypotheses: first, that the chosen field of study affects entrepreneurial potential and the likelihood of starting a business; and second, that the language of study influences the intention to launch one's own business in the near future.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurial potential of students
  topic: keywords
subject: starting a business
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurial behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurial person
  topic: keywords
creator: Jakub Boratyn
creator: Michalina Mróz
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 92
ending page: 106
doi: 10.15678/SER.2024.2.06

The practice of social responsibility at Polish universities: a study of current trends
type: item
description: Background: Multidimensionality, as well as the potential benefits of social responsibility of universities (SRU) described in the literature, prompts in-depth research into the actual implementation of this concept by universities. In Poland, it is only since 2017 that higher education institutions have started to declare the implementation of its principles. Research objectives: The aim of this article is to present the results of research concerning the practical implementation of the idea of social responsibility at Polish HEIs. The literature review was supplemented with empirical research based on the analysis and evaluation of information on SRU available on HEIs’ websites (random selection was used for this purpose). The research was conducted in the period July-September 2023. Research design and methods: A review of the literature on the subject was supplemented with empirical research. The research was based on the analysis and evaluation of information on SRU available on the websites of higher education institutions. It was conducted in the period July-September 2023, and a random selection of institutions that had signed the Declaration of Social Responsibility of Universities between 2017 and 2022 was evaluated. Results: The research resulted in a list of good practices, as well as recommendations for improvement measures for universities that have formally declared the implementation of SRU principles in practice. Conclusions: Higher education stakeholders (internal and external), especially management, have a decisive influence on the practical implementation of the SRU concept. It is their awareness and determination that determines whether social responsibility will be developed in a real and tangible way by all university partners.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: university
  topic: keywords
subject: social responsibility of the university
  topic: keywords
subject: quality of education
  topic: keywords
subject: university management
  topic: keywords
creator: Beata Detyna
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 75
ending page: 91
doi: 10.15678/SER.2024.2.05

Exploring the mindset of social entrepreneurs towards failure: Evidence from focus group interviews
type: item
description: Background: Failure is a common aspect of entrepreneurship due to high uncertainty. This study examines the specific context of social entrepreneurship, which combines profit goals with social missions. Research objectives: The primary objective is to understand social entrepreneurs’ mindsets towards failure. Research design and methods: The study employs focus group interviews (FGI) with social entrepreneurs, representatives from Social Economy Support Centres, and government delegates in three major Polish cities. Results: Findings reveal diverse perceptions of failure among social entrepreneurs. They view failure both as a setback and an opportunity for growth. The study identifies financial instability and mission drift as common failure factors, and highlights the profound emotional and social impacts of failure. Conclusions: Social entrepreneurs’ perception of failure is complex, influenced by their dual focus on financial sustainability and social impact. These insights can help develop better support mechanisms for social enterprises, promoting resilience and learning from failure.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: entrepreneurial failure
  topic: keywords
subject: social entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: social enterprise
  topic: keywords
subject: focus group interview
  topic: keywords
creator: Martyna Wronka-Pośpiech
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 56
ending page: 74
doi: 10.15678/SER.2024.2.04

Care farm as a chance for social services for the silver generation
type: item
description: Background: The article presents results of my research on the state of knowledge and people’s readiness to run a care farm. Research objectives: The article scrutinizes care farm as forms of providing social services in rural areas as well as preparing people and institutions to conduct this type of activity. The text stems from a fragment of own research commissioned by Poland’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2022. The study aimed to provide knowledge about the demand for advisory and training services for people running care farms in Poland and people planning to start this type of business. Research design and methods: I conducted the study using a survey. I prepared three survey questionnaires and addressed them to people running or intending to establish a care farm (78), Agricultural Advisory Centers (190), regional social policy centers, and social economy support centers (18). Apart from the groups indicated above, the study included local government units (social welfare centers, district family assistance centers, district labor office), Agricultural Advisory Centers in part relating to care farms, people engaged in activities other than agricultural (agritourism farm with the potential to run a care farm, horse riding and hippotherapy activities, family social welfare home), and a social enterprise. Results: The main results show the problem of an insufficient number of entities providing care services (61.1% of respondents). However, a care farm can successfully provide social services, including care services (94.4% of respondents), and 88.9% of respondents indicated their significant role in the deinstitutionalization of social services. Conclusions: Respondents expectations concern support in the form of training on topics related to the creation and operation of care farms, running and managing this type of institution, care services, and an elderly caretaker course. In turn, the advice should concern searching for financing source…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social farming
  topic: keywords
subject: care farm
  topic: keywords
subject: elderly people
  topic: keywords
subject: deinstitutionalization
  topic: keywords
creator: Karolina Jarosz
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 39
ending page: 55
doi: 10.15678/SER.2024.2.03

Digitization of social welfare entities and its importance for the effective implementation of social services in the public management system
type: item
description: Background: For almost a decade, before the Covid-19 pandemic forcefully highlighted the importance of this area, the digital future of Europe had been the main focus of European Union politicians and senior officials. In February 2020, the European Commission published the communication “Shaping Europe’s Digital Future,” which outlines the European Union's digital transformation strategy. Research objectives: This article aims to identify the information and communication technology tools used by a public entity providing social services such as a Social Assistance Centre (SAC). The SAC is the basic organizational entity implementing social policy goals in the social welfare subsystem, functioning in every municipality in Poland. Research design and methods: The research method used in this article was a case study. Results: The implementation of digital tools into the OPS enabled the entity to identify problems in real time and respond to them faster, make more accurate decisions faster and more efficiently, and access a huge amount of data that improved the analyses carried out. Conclusions: The use of modern technologies in organizations providing social services contributes to a better use of available resources. In the broader perspective of city, regional, or national governance, the use of ICT provides new evidence for the design of community-based public policies and their adaptation to new realities, enables reforming the operation of public organizations, and increases the transparency of public sector activities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: public governance
  topic: keywords
subject: social policy
  topic: keywords
subject: information and communication technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: digitization
  topic: keywords
creator: Aldona Frączkiewicz-Wronka
creator: Anna Kozak
creator: Karolina Szymaniec-Mlicka
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 26
ending page: 38
doi: 10.15678/SER.2024.2.02

Social protection in Poland compared to selected member states of the European Union
type: item
description: Background: Social policy is an essential element of action for every state. In order to assess the actions of states in this area, social protection should be looked at from a multi-criteria perspective. Thanks to this assessment, it is possible to compare the effectiveness of the social policies of the surveyed countries and weigh social policies in Poland against the ones of the surveyed EU member states. Research objectives: The paper aims at designing a measure to assess and compare social protection policies of the selected European countries, but in particular to juxtapose them against the social policies of Poland and develop a ranking of the studied countries. Moreover, the article also tries to find out if there is a relationship between public spendings on social protection and assessment of the social policies by citizens. Research design and methods: The research involved multidimensional comparative analysis and the TOPSIS method. The variables related to social protection were analysed and used to construct a synthetic measure for social protection assessment. Based on the obtained ratings, a comparative ranking of the EU member states was created. The examined Polish indicators were compared with the average of the studied EU countries. The analysis was carried out for 2015 and 2021. Results: A ranking of social protection scores has been drawn up for years 2015 and 2021, in which the first two places are taken by France and Luxembourg. Poland ranked 18th. There is a strong correlation between the assessment of the social situation and average equivalent net income per capita in PPS, as well as average expenditure on social protection in euros per capita. Conclusions: The countries that scored top positions in the ranking of social protection have higher GDP than others. Despite large transfers on social protection, Poland’s position in the ranking remained unchanged. It is justified to conduct further research on the assessment of social protection …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social protection
  topic: keywords
subject: TOPSIS method
  topic: keywords
subject: UE
  topic: keywords
subject: Poland
  topic: keywords
creator: Aleksandra Jasińska
creator: Marek Jasiński
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-12-23
publication date: 2024-12-23
starting page: 11
ending page: 25
doi: 10.15678/SER.2024.2.01

Measuring Social Economy in Public Statistics: Introduction to the Polish Experience
type: item
description: This article presents the objectives, scope, and evolution of the research on social economy conducted by the Research Centre for Social Economy at the Statistical Office in Krakow (Statistics Poland). It highlights the experience and achievements of public statistics in Poland in surveying social economy entities, including social enterprises.
subject: Varia
  topic: section
subject: social economy
  topic: keywords
subject: social enterprise
  topic: keywords
subject: public statistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Poland
  topic: keywords
subject: quantitative data
  topic: keywords
creator: Agnieszka Pacut
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 123
ending page: 127
doi: 10.15678/SER.2024.001

https://ser.uek.krakow.pl/index.php/ser/article/view/121
type: item
title: Evaluating Evidence-Based Ecosystems-Based Adaptation for Food Security Assembly (EBAFOSA) and Nasarawa State University (NSUK) Initiatives: Decarbonization, Clean Cooking Energy Promotion, and Cassava Food Chain Entrepreneurship in Nigeria
description: Background: This article examines the enterprise-focused efforts of the Ecosystems-Based Adaptation for Food Security Assembly (EBAFOSA) and Nasarawa State University (NSUK) in decarbonizing the domestic energy sector, particularly in Nigeria, while drawing lessons applicable at the continental level. Aims: The study aimed to assess the impact of EBAFOSA and NSUK initiatives on decarbonization, focusing on the adoption of clean cooking energy and entrepreneurship within the cassava food chain, with a particular emphasis on household engagement and economic outcomes. Method(s): The research engaged up to 60 households in Nasarawa, Nigeria and evaluated the efficacy of interventions such as the displacement of charcoal with briquettes in cassava processing. Data collection involved assessing energy cost reductions, shifts in energy sources, and economic implications for local actors. Results: Findings indicate significant reductions in household energy costs (by 2–3 times) and a notable transition from charcoal to briquettes among garri processors, with approximately 36 processors (representing a conversion rate of about 65%) adopting this cleaner energy source. This shift led to a 46% reduction in fuel costs for these actors. Conclusions: The multifaceted issues faced by Africa’s decarbonization efforts serve as an opportunity to ignite innovation and foster significant change. Collaborations like NSUK and EBAFOSA and their innovative approaches to sustainable energy show the promise of scalable solutions.
subject: Varia
  topic: section
subject: clean cooking energy
  topic: keywords
subject: decarbonisation
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: EBAFOSA
  topic: keywords
subject: NSUK
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: Richard Munang
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 128
ending page: 139
doi: 10.15678/SER.2024.1.002

Investigating the Phenomenon of Social Entrepreneurship
type: item
description: Background: Social entrepreneurship (SE) has been gaining ground in economy and politics since the 1980s, arousing scientific interest. But despite numerous studies, the field still lacks a standardized theory, inviting interpretations by other disciplines. Research objectives: We show that SE draws on two theories of economics – entrepreneurship and market failure – and clarify their suitability for explaining the field. Research design and methods: Our bibliometric analysis involved statistical methods to ascertain qualitative and quantitative shifts. We aimed to delineate the publication landscape and identify the emerging trends. Results: The article calls for a standardized theory and better integration of perspectives in SE research, underlining social value creation, long-term effects, and contextual influences. Conclusions: SE is a developing field without standardized frameworks, focusing on social rather than economic value. It underscores entrepreneurial qualities in addressing societal needs and advocates nuanced policies that support entrepreneurial processes and societal impact.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: entrepreneurship theory
  topic: keywords
subject: market failure theory
  topic: keywords
subject: socioeconomic problems
  topic: keywords
creator: Marwane El Halaissi
creator: Oualid Benalla
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 108
ending page: 122
doi: 10.15678/SER.2024.1.06